Spondylosis
What is Spondylosis?
Spondylosis is a general term for age-related degeneration of the spine. It usually involves degenerative changes in the vertebrae, intervertebral discs, and joints of the spine, often leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It is commonly referred to as spinal osteoarthritis.
It can affect any part of the spine but is most common in the cervical (neck) and lumbar (lower back) regions.
Causes
Age-related wear and tear: Natural degeneration of spinal discs and joints.
Disc dehydration and shrinkage: Reduces cushioning between vertebrae.
Bone spurs (osteophytes): Develop to stabilize the spine, may press on nerves.
Previous injuries: Trauma or fractures can accelerate degeneration.
Genetic predisposition: Family history of spinal degeneration.
Poor posture or repetitive stress: Jobs or habits that strain the spine.
Symptoms
Neck or back pain: Usually worsens with movement.
Stiffness: Especially after waking up or long periods of inactivity.
Numbness or tingling: Can occur in arms or legs if nerves are compressed.
Weakness in limbs: In severe cases, due to nerve involvement.
Limited range of motion: Difficulty turning or bending the spine.
Types
Cervical Spondylosis: Affects the neck region.
Symptoms: Neck pain, headache, shoulder pain, tingling in arms.
Lumbar Spondylosis: Affects the lower back.
Symptoms: Low back pain, sciatica (pain radiating to legs), numbness.
Thoracic Spondylosis: Less common, affects the mid-back.
Diagnosis
Physical examination: Tests for pain, reflexes, and mobility.
Imaging: X-ray, MRI, or CT scan to see disc degeneration, bone spurs, or nerve compression.
Neurological assessment: Checks for nerve damage.